future village food factory
future How technology is transforming the lives of India's farmers
How technology is transforming the lives of India's farmers
How technology is transforming the lives of India's farmers
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) heralds an exponential pace of technological change, building on the digital revolution to combine technologies, spawn new ones, and transform systems, industries, countries - even society itself. For developing countries, advances in computing power, connectivity, artificial intelligence, biotechnology and GIS, and newer, more capable technologies hold tremendous promise. Inclusive agriculture, rural growth and structural transformation from agriculture to high-productivity manufacturing and other economic sectors can be accelerated, as technological change transforms individuals’ lives and enables developing countries to progress at speeds and on scales previously inconceivable.
To realise the positive outcomes of this new industrial revolution, public policymaking must bridge the already widening gap between skilled and unskilled labour. This gap already poses a threat to the liberal world economic order in the form of anti-globalisation movements - manifested in the rise of US President Donald Trump and Brexit - which have been caused in part by the liberal elites' prolonged neglect of the growing economic inequalities and the plight of the working class that globalisation has prompted. The case of India is salient because, unlike its East and Southeast Asian neighbours, rapid economic growth has not been inclusive enough to reduce the numbers of Indians living in poverty. India contains the largest number of poor people in the world: 270 million, according to the World Bank. Employment growth is critical in low-productivity agriculture, which accounts for nearly three-quarters of the poor population. But automation threatens to create more unemployment.
Public policy must be directed toward increasing the productivity of poor people rather than just offering handouts. The Government of India (GOI) is confronting these challenges. As more young men are migrating from rural poverty to urban areas to seek employment, they are contributing to a rapid feminisation of agriculture. Women, especially dependent on agriculture, perform most of the backbreaking labour. Their low productivity in agriculture, itself increasingly affected by climate change, demands action by policymakers. Any transformation of agriculture requires removing the constraints on women; Bina Agarwal recently argued that the discontent of rural youth could become the agitations of rural women farmers, dissatisfied with lack of access to land, irrigation, credit, inputs and markets.
Aware of these issues, in 2016 India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi introduced a new national policy to double farmers’ incomes by 2022. It targeted poverty reduction, food security and climate change, which is hurting agriculture with rising temperatures, increasingly frequent floods and droughts, and a greater incidence of pests and diseases. The Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare launched a national scheme called Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) with the aim of irrigating every Indian farm and improving water-use efficiency. Through its Digital India programme, GOI is working to transform the country's rural economy and create skilled jobs in rural areas. For the estimated 156 million Indian rural households, most living in poverty according to India’s National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), there is need for investment in transportation, power, and internet access to create more employment for women and youth in rural areas. The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, along with other ministries, is working to reform states' service delivery, through GOI’s Goods and Services Tax (GST) system, to establish a uniform interface for taxpayers with a common IT infrastructure, shared between the central government and the states.
Digital India’s strategic cornerstones, the Common Services Centres, are meant to provide access points for delivery of various electronic services to villages, to promote digital and financial inclusion, encourage rural entrepreneurship, and build rural capacities and livelihoods, offering a bottom-up approach to social change, particularly among India’s rural citizens. New technologies enable small farmers to shift from input-intensive to knowledge-intensive agriculture. Precision agriculture can improve the timeliness of planting, secure the best market prices through market information and e-market reforms, provide fertiliser subsidies via direct bank transfers that eliminate or reduce the cost of financial intermediaries, and improve agricultural extension. Combined with improved seed supply and land and water management, which can in turn increase double and triple cropping, farmers’ income can grow.
In April 2016, Modi launched eNAM (National Agriculture Market), an online platform for farmers that integrates agricultural markets online, allowing farmers and traders alike to view all Agriculture Produce Market Committee-related information and services, commodity arrivals and prices, and buy and sell trade offers, thus helping farmers bid for the best prices across markets. GOI also launched a crop insurance scheme, the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) in 2016, which now covers 37 million farmers. Additionally, GOI is investing in mapping all of India's aquifers, and using technology to manage water demand. Quantifying the relationship between rainfall and groundwater levels under alternative modes of irrigation and farming should enable prioritisation of prospective water and irrigation investments. Greater investment in research, meanwhile, is needed to develop multi-resistant crops. India has lagged behind its Asian neighbours in genomics, even resisting the approval of genetically modified crops developed by its own scientists. Arguably, such crops do not involve multinational monopolies, can be grown by poor farmers, and offer increased resistance to extreme climatic conditions. Digitised land registration, mobile phones and 'Uberised' tractor services all are contributing to improved farm management. Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) is updating millions of land records, providing title guarantees and increased security of land tenure to farmers while stimulating land rentals by nonviable smallholders and land consolidation. To facilitate communications, Digital India is implementing plans to connect 2.5 million Gram Panchayats (local governments) with high-speed internet by 2018, with hundreds of thousands already internet-enabled. GOI has also mandated that all mobiles phones must support at least one of 22 Indian languages, other than English and Hindi, beginning July 2017. With only 27% of villages having banking services within 5 kilometres, the government is licensing new banks and using mobile phone payment technology to an increasing extent. Mobile coverage is high—over 1 billion of India’s population of 1.4 billion are connected.
The need for safety nets Complementing efforts to increase agricultural productivity and employment is India’s triple innovation system (JAM), consisting of Jan Dhan (the Prime Minister’s initiative to open universal bank accounts, depositing Rs1000 [US$15.4] per household), Aadhaar (a unique 12-digit ID number for citizens) and mobile phones. Between them, these factors have provided a platform for expansion of India's public safety nets. The Public Distribution System (PDS), the world’s largest safety net of its kind, distributes food grains and essential commodities via a network of over 521,000 Fair Price Shops (FPSs). More recently, the Modi government has focused on reforming PDS using new technologies. There is now far less pilfering thanks to the digitisation of 230 million ration cards, 56% of which are strengthened with a universal ID and Aadhaar. Several states have now installed electronic point-of-sale devices at FPSs to track sales of food grains to cardholders on a real-time basis. A much debated policy shift - in-kind cash transfers in place of food distribution - is also being facilitated by digital technology. Since 2014, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) subsidies to over 176 million consumers have transferred over Rs.400 billion ($6.2 billion) directly to beneficiaries’ bank accounts. Through GOI’s 'LPG Give It Up Campaign', 12 million consumers voluntarily gave up their subsidies to provide greater access to LPG for their more underprivileged neighbours. Nearly 6.3 million new LPG connections have been provided to poor families in 2015–16, with a target of providing 50 million LPG connections over three years.
Further, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, (MGNREGS), the largest in the world, guarantees up to 100 days of rural employment for those in need of employment at Rs100 (US$1.5)/day. Using DBTs to pay beneficiaries has reduced transfer costs, waste and corruption - and sidestepping any possible misallocation of funds transferred from central to state to district to panchayats for distribution. The limits of technology Despite technology’s promise, there remains a need for substantial increase in old-fashioned investments to catch up with the backlog in physical infrastructure and education to achieve a geographically more dispersed development away from the 100 big cities. Around 25% of Indian adults cannot read or write, and the gender divide must be addressed with investment, particularly in rural women’s education and training. Geographical application of new technologies is still limited in rural areas; many farmers remain unaware of these advances.
Insufficient connectivity in rural areas along with a lack of basic computer knowledge and literacy hinder development. Substantial investment is needed in physical infrastructure, power, broadband, transportation and education, particularly in rural regions and among the poorest populations in order to truly reap the benefits of the 4IR.
future Food industry
future food industry
The food industry is a complex, global collective of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world population. Only subsistence farmers, those who survive on what they grow, and hunter-gatherers can be considered outside the scope of the modern food industry.
The food Industry includes:
- Agriculture: raising of crops and livestock, and seafood
- Manufacturing: agrichemicals, agricultural construction, farm machinery and supplies, seed, etc.
- Food processing: preparation of fresh products for market, and manufacture of prepared food products
- Marketing: promotion of generic products (e.g., milk board), new products, advertising, marketing campaigns, packaging, public relations, etc.
- Wholesale and food distribution: logistics, transportation, warehousing
- Foodservice (which includes catering)
- Grocery, farmers' markets, public markets and other retailing
- Regulation: local, regional, national, and international rules and regulations for food production and sale, including food quality, food security, food safety, marketing/advertising, and industry lobbying activities
- Education: academic, consultancy, vocational
- Research and development: food technology
- Financial services: credit, insurance
apple most world profit company world
Apple Inc.profitable company world
> Total revenue: $182.8 billion
> Headquarters: United States
Apple is among the most rapidly growing large multinational companies in the world due to a string of product successes that began over a decade ago and include the Mac, iPod, iPhone, and iPad. Apple has married these with huge content operations such as iTunes and the App Store. Apple is the largest company in the world based on its market cap of about $672 billion. Last year, Apple reported revenue of $182.7 billion and earnings of nearly $40 billion. Last quarter alone, Apple sold 47.5 million iPhones, 10.9 million iPads, and 4.8 million Macs. Company management has made it clear that for Apple to grow it has to have impressive sales in China, the largest wireless market in the world.
Earth 2050: future social and technological developments
Earth 2050: future social and technological developments
Kaspersky Lab has announced the launch of Earth 2050, an interactive multimedia project that accumulates predictions about social and technological developments for the upcoming 30 years Nick
Ismail To create Earth 2050, Kaspersky Lab has teamed with futurologists such as Ian Pearson, added the future visions of its own researchers and spoken to artists and scientists to develop a realistic view of the not-so-distant future .
Users can help shape their vision of the future by studying over 200 predictions online, and they are invited to submit their visions for inclusion on the Earth 2050 site. The aim behind this is to understand what the world will look like in the not-too-distant future, so that people and businesses can better understand the challenges the future will bring.
For example, if all people’s lives are digitalised, how will they handle privacy? If people have all their devices implanted inside them and their data in the cloud, how will they protect that data? And importantly for Kaspersky Lab: if there are no endpoints anymore, will the industry move quicker towards providing security solutions which adapt to customer circumstances, regardless of which device they are using at any one time
All of the forecasts you can find about Earth 2050 could become a reality in just a couple of decades. Earth 2050 is not only a creative exercise for us. For the last 20 years, Kaspersky Lab experts have been fighting with cybercrime, and they have seen threats evolving over this time. They are therefore able to share their knowledge and expertise and – in many cases – encourage users to take a more thorough look at the security of future technologies,” said Andrey Lavrentyev, head of technology research department at Kaspersky Lab.
“Although inventions might be amazing – such as like driverless cars, intelligent infrastructure and the ability to instantly share medical data between doctors across the world – they can still trip us up. Each of them brings a whole new world of opportunity for cyber criminals to exploit.
”At the moment Earth 2050 contains predictions for 80 cities around the globe. Users can select any of these cities and forecasts will appear at the top of the map.
The portal is divided into three time categories: 2030, 2040 and 2050, with each of these containing predictions from people who are recognised experts in their fields.
For example, users can explore the thoughts of Ian Pearson and different experts at Kaspersky Lab, about what the future holds.
The forum is not limited to written predictions. Earth 2050 also contains 12 VR-enabled panoramas of cities like Barcelona and Shanghai as well as illustrations of different artefacts from the future.
Users can take a 360º look at how future cities might be operating. Will we be able to adjust the appearance of every person we see in the street?
Will humans invent a dress that changes its style? Are driverless cars in smart cities the future of the taxi business? Will we see ads while we sleep?
These questions are just a glimpse of what a user can find on the site.Filling in a special feedback form allows visitors to add their own ideas to the portal. These will be published once they have passed through the editorial team’s review.
Users can discuss existing predictions and also contribute by sharing their own.New content from the experts, and forecasts compiled from different sources, will frequently appear on the site. “Still, we hope to see many more names on the portal and encourage our users and site visitors to send us their craziest ideas on what the future might look like,” Andrey Lavrentyev mentioned.
Electric bus goes 1,100 miles on a single charge future
Electric bus goes 1,100 miles on a single charge
Proterra, a leading innovator in heavy-duty electric transportation, has announced a new world record for the longest distance ever travelled by an electric vehicle on a single charge at the Navistar Proving Grounds in New Carlisle, Indiana, US.
Proterra’s 40-foot Catalyst E2 max, pictured above, travelled 1,101.2 mi
The Future of Agriculture
The Future of Agriculture A technological revolution in farming led by advances in robotics and sensing technologies looks set to disrupt modern practice.
Over the centuries, as farmers have adopted more technology in their pursuit of greater yields, the belief that 'bigger is better' has come to dominate farming, rendering small-scale operations impractical. But advances in robotics and sensing technologies are threatening to disrupt today's agribusiness model. “There is the potential for intelligent robots to change the economic model of farming so that it becomes feasible to be a small producer again,” says robotics engineer George Kantor at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Part of Nature Outlook:
Food security
Twenty-first century robotics and sensing technologies have the potential to solve problems as old as farming itself. “I believe, by moving to a robotic agricultural system, we can make crop production significantly more efficient and more sustainable,” says Simon Blackmore, an engineer at Harper Adams University in Newport, UK. In greenhouses devoted to fruit and vegetable production, engineers are exploring automation as a way to reduce costs and boost quality (see ‘Ripe for the picking’). Devices to monitor vegetable growth, as well as robotic pickers, are currently being tested. For livestock farmers, sensing technologies can help to manage the health and welfare of their animals (‘Animal trackers’). And work is underway to improve monitoring and maintenance of soil quality (‘Silicon soil saviours’), and to eliminate pests and disease without resorting to indiscriminate use of agrichemicals (‘Eliminating enemies’).
Although some of these technologies are already available, most are at the research stage in labs and spin-off companies. “Big-machinery manufacturers are not putting their money into manufacturing agricultural robots because it goes against their current business models,” says Blackmore. Researchers such as Blackmore and Kantor are part of a growing body of scientists with plans to revolutionize agricultural practice. If they succeed, they'll change how we produce food forever
. “We can use technology to double food production,” says Richard Green, agricultural engineer at Harper Adams.
Ripe for the picking
The Netherlands is famed for the efficiency of its fruit- and vegetable-growing greenhouses, but these operations rely on people to pick the produce. “Humans are still better than robots, but there is a lot of effort going into automatic harvesting,” says Eldert van Henten, an agricultural engineer at Wageningen University in the Netherlands, who is working on a sweet-pepper harvester. The challenge is to quickly and precisely identify the pepper and avoid cutting the main stem of the plant. The key lies in fast, precise software. “We are performing deep learning with the machine so it can interpret all the data from a colour camera fast,” says van Henten. “We even feed data from regular street scenes into the neural network to better train it.”
Image: Jan Windszus
In the United Kingdom, Green has developed a strawberry harvester that he says can pick the fruit faster than humans. It relies on stereoscopic vision with RGB cameras to capture depth, but it is its powerful algorithms that allow it to pick a strawberry every two seconds. People can pick 15 to 20 a minute, Green estimates. “Our partners at the National Physical Laboratory worked on the problem for two years, but had a brainstorm one day and finally cracked it,” says Green, adding that the solution is too commercially sensitive to share. He thinks that supervised groups of robots can step into the shoes of strawberry pickers in around five years. Harper Adams University is considering setting up a spin-off company to commercialize the technology. The big hurdle to commercialization, however, is that food producers demand robots that can pick all kinds of vegetables, says van Henten.
The variety of shapes, sizes and colours of tomatoes, for instance, makes picking them a tough challenge, although there is already a robot available to remove unwanted leaves from the plants.
Another key place to look for efficiencies is timing. Picking too early is wasteful because you miss out on growth, but picking too late slashes weeks off the storage time. Precision-farming engineer Manuela Zude-Sasse at the Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy in Potsdam, Germany, is attaching sensors to apples to detect their size, and levels of the pigments chlorophyll and anthocyanin. The data are fed into an algorithm to calculate developmental stage, and, when the time is ripe for picking, growers are alerted by smartphone.
So far, Zude-Sasse has put sensors on pears, citrus fruits, peaches, bananas and apples (pictured). She is set to start field trials later this year in a commercial tomato greenhouse and an apple orchard. She is also developing a smartphone app for cherry growers. The app will use photographs of cherries taken by growers to calculate growth rate and a quality score.
Growing fresh fruit and vegetables is all about keeping the quality high while minimizing costs. “If you can schedule harvest to optimum fruit development, then you can reap an economic benefit and a quality one,” says Zude-Sasse.
Eliminating enemies
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that 20–40% of global crop yields are lost each year to pests and diseases, despite the application of around two-million tonnes of pesticide. Intelligent devices, such as robots and drones,
could allow farmers to slash agrichemical use by spotting crop enemies earlier to allow precise chemical application or pest removal, for example. “The market is demanding foods with less herbicide and pesticide, and with greater quality,” says Red Whittaker, a robotics engineer at Carnegie Mellon who designed and patented an automated guidance system for tractors in 1997. “That challenge can be met by robots.”
“We predict drones, mounted with RGB or multispectral cameras, will take off every morning before the farmer gets up, and identify where within the field there is a pest or a problem,” says Green. As well as visible light, these cameras would be able to collect data from the invisible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that could allow farmers to pinpoint a fungal disease, for example, before it becomes established. Scientists from Carnegie Mellon have begun to test the theory in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a staple in many parts of Africa and a potential biofuel crop in the United States.
Agribotix, an agriculture data-analysis company in Boulder, Colorado, supplies drones and software that use near-infrared images to map patches of unhealthy vegetation in large fields. Images can also reveal potential causes, such as pests or problems with irrigation. The company processes drone data from crop fields in more than 50 countries. It is now using machine learning to train its systems to differentiate between crops and weeds, and hopes to have this capability ready for the 2017 growing season.
“We will be able to ping growers with an alert saying you have weeds growing in your field, here and here,” says crop scientist Jason Barton, an executive at Agribotix.
Modern technology that can autonomously eliminate pests and target agrichemicals better will reduce collateral damage to wildlife, lower resistance and cut costs. “We are working with a pesticide company keen to apply from the air using a drone,” says Green. Rather than spraying a whole field, the pesticide could be delivered to the right spot in the quantity needed, he says. The potential reductions in pesticide use are impressive. According to researchers at the University of Sydney's Australian Centre for Field Robotics, targeted spraying of vegetables used 0.1% of the volume of herbicide used in conventional blanket spraying. Their prototype robot is called RIPPA (Robot for Intelligent Perception and Precision Application) and shoots weeds with a directed micro-dose of liquid. Scientists at Harper Adams are going even further, testing a robot that does away with chemicals altogether by blasting weeds close to crops with a laser. “Cameras identify the growing point of the weed and our laser, which is no more than a concentrated heat source, heats it up to 95 °C, so the weed either dies or goes dormant,” says Blackmore.
Drones with precision sprayers (insert) apply agrochemicals only where they are needed. Image:
Crop Angel Ltd
Animal trackers
Image: Afimilk Ltd
Smart collars — a bit like the wearable devices designed to track human health and fitness — have been used to monitor cows in Scotland since 2010. Developed by Glasgow start-up Silent Herdsman, the collar monitors fertility by tracking activity — cows move around more when they are fertile — and uses this to alert farmers to when a cow is ready to mate, sending a message to his or her laptop or smartphone. The collars (pictured), which are now being developed by Israeli dairy-farm-technology company Afimilk after they acquired Silent Herdsman last year, also detect early signs of illness by monitoring the average time each cow spends eating and ruminating, and warning the farmer via a smartphone if either declines.
“We are now looking at more subtle behavioural changes and how they might be related to animal health, such as lameness or acidosis,” says Richard Dewhurst, an animal nutritionist at Scotland's Rural College (SRUC) in Edinburgh, who is involved in research to expand the capabilities of the collar. Scientists are developing algorithms to interrogate data collected by the collars.
In a separate project, Dewhurst is analysing levels of exhaled ketones and sulfides in cow breath to reveal underfeeding and tissue breakdown or excess protein in their diet. “We have used selected-ionflow-tube mass spectrometry, but there are commercial sensors available,” says Dewhurst.
Cameras are also improving the detection of threats to cow health.
The inflammatory condition mastitis — often the result of a bacterial infection — is one of the biggest costs to the dairy industry, causing declines in milk production or even death. Thermal-imaging cameras installed in cow sheds can spot hot, inflamed udders, allowing animals to be treated early.
Carol-Anne Duthie, an animal scientist at SRUC, is using 3D cameras to film cattle at water troughs to estimate the carcass grade (an assessment of the quality of a culled cow) and animal weight. These criteria determine the price producers are paid. Knowing the optimum time to sell would maximize profit and provide abattoirs with more-consistent animals. “This has knock on effects in terms of overall efficiency of the entire supply chain, reducing the animals which are out of specification reaching the abattoir,” Duthie explains.
And researchers in Belgium have developed a camera system to monitor broiler chickens in sheds. Three cameras continually track the movements of thousands of individual birds to spot problems quickly. “Analysing the behaviour of broilers can give an early warning for over 90% of problems,” says bioengineer Daniel Berckmans at the University of Leuven. The behaviour-monitoring system is being sold by Fancom, a livestock-husbandry firm in Panningen, the Netherlands. The Leuven researchers have also launched a cough monitor to flag respiratory problems in pigs, through a spin-off company called SoundTalks. This can give a warning 12 days earlier than farmers or vets would normally be able to detect a problem, says Berckmans. The microphone,
which is positioned above animals in their pen, identifies sick individuals so that treatment can be targeted. “The idea was to reduce the use of antibiotics,” says Berckmans.
Berckmans is now working on downsizing a stress monitor designed for people so that it will attach to a cow's ear tag. “The more you stress an animal, the less energy is available from food for growth,” he says. The monitor takes 200 physiological measurements a second, alerting farmers through a smartphone when there is a problem.
Silicon soil saviours
The richest resource for arable farmers is soil. But large harvesters damage and compact soil, and overuse of agrichemicals such as nitrogen fertilizer are bad for both the environment and a farmer's bottom line. Robotics and autonomous machines could help.
Image: A. Ruckelshausen/Univ. Applied Sciences Osnabrück
Data from drones are being used for smarter application of nitrogen fertilizer. “Healthy vegetation reflects more near-infrared light than unhealthy vegetation,” explains Barton.
The ratio of red to near-infrared bands on a multispectral image can be used to estimate chlorophyll concentration and, therefore, to map biomass and see where interventions such as fertilization are needed after weather or pest damage, for example. When French agricultural technology company Airinov, which offers this type of drone survey, partnered with a French farming cooperative, they found that over a period of 3 years, in 627 fields of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), farmers used on average 34 kilograms less nitrogen fertilizer per hectare than they would without the survey data. This saved on average €107 (US$115) per hectare per year.
Bonirob (pictured) — a car-sized robot originally developed by a team of scientists including those at Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences in Germany — can measure other indicators of soil quality using various sensors and modules, including a moisture sensor and a penetrometer, which is used to assess soil compaction. According to Arno Ruckelshausen, an agricultural technologist at Osnabrück, Bonirob can take a sample of soil, liquidize it and analyse it to precisely map in real time characteristics such as pH and phosphorous levels. The University of Sydney's smaller RIPPA robot can also detect soil characteristics that affect crop production, by measuring soil conductivity.
Soil mapping opens the door to sowing different crop varieties in one field to better match shifting soil properties such as water availability.
“You could differentially seed a field, for example, planting deep-rooting barley or wheat varieties in more sandy parts,” says Maurice Moloney, chief executive of the Global Institute for Food Security in Saskatoon, Canada. Growing multiple crops together could also lead to smarter use of agrichemicals. “Nature is strongly against monoculture, which is one reason we have to use massive amounts of herbicide and pesticides,” says van Henten. “It is about making the best use of resources.”
Mixed sowing would challenge an accepted pillar of agricultural wisdom: that economies of scale and the bulkiness of farm machinery mean vast fields of a single crop is the most-efficient way to farm, and the bigger the machine, the more-efficient the process. Some of the heaviest harvesters weigh 60 tonnes, cost more than a top-end sports car and leave a trail of soil compaction in their wake that can last for years.
then future of agriculture devolped 2050
The future of food? Integrated apps, more digital purchasing options
The future of food? Integrated apps, more digital purchasing options
WASHINGTON
The future of food is here — and it looks a lot like a handheld device.
Technology is playing an increasingly pivotal role in the way consumers think about, shop for, and prepare food. Recipe videos are social media sensations, groceries are delivered on demand, and meal kits that can be customized — a $5 billion business — take the worry out of what to cook for dinner.
A recent study by the Food Marketing Institute predicts that online grocery sales will capture 20 percent of the market by 2025, representing $100 billion in annual consumer sales. Based on store volume, that’s the equivalent of 3,900 grocery stores.
John Karolefski, a grocery industry analyst and editor of the website Grocery Stories, said the expected gain is all due to growing demand from millennials.
“They’re the big grocery buyers now because they’re starting families, but they don’t like shopping in supermarkets that much. So, grocers are trying to cater to them by offering various digital innovations,” Karolefski said.
Not all of these innovations are limited to online shopping. Retailers are experimenting with time-saving digital in-store experiences, as well.
Kroger is rolling out its Scan, Bag, Go service to 400 stores in 2018. The program allows customers to scan the bar code of the items they place in their cart as they shop the store and then pay the total at a self-checkout terminal.
Amazon opened its Amazon Go concept to the public on Jan. 22. The 1,800-square-foot retail shop, located at Amazon’s Seattle headquarters, is cash- and cashier-free.
Customers scan an app as they enter the store and shop using a virtual cart. Items pulled off the shelf are added to their cart, and the final bill is charged to their Amazon account.
“The eyes of the industry, of course, are on this one store because Amazon bought Whole Foods. If the new technology is successful in this one test store, it might be implemented in stores throughout the country,” Karolefski said.
“Now, the whole thing is trying to make shopping more attractive, faster, easier.
”
Whether groceries are loaded into a virtual cart in-store or online, Joshua Sigel wants to help consumers once the food makes its way to the kitchen. The chief operating officer of the app Innit, which launched in 2017, said the way people think about food these days is fragmented.
“You may be using a recipe app or going online to search for a meal, and that happens in one space. We buy groceries through different online providers or through brick-and-mortar retail grocery stores in a different way. We then prepare food, and maybe we’re searching for different videos and Googling things,” Sigel said.
Innit aims to connect it all.
The free-to-download app helps users plan out their meals from a library of recipes and create shopping lists based on the menu. It also offers step-by-step guidance, including hands-free commands from Google Assistant and how-to videos, to bring the dishes to fruition. It even coordinates with connected appliances to control cooking temperatures and time.
“We’re going to see a big change in the kitchen over the coming years as connectivity becomes more pervasive, and it’s going to really enable individuals to enjoy the experience of cooking,” Sigel said, adding that Innit has plans to introduce grocery services and customizable meal kit options in the near future.
this service providing amason fast food
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future trends in agriculture
trends in agriculture
Future trends in agriculture:
the role of biotechnology AM Mannion - Outlook on Agriculture, 1998 - journals.sagepub.com Agriculture has been responsible for the transformation of a substantial portion of the biosphere from wildscapes to landscapes. In view of the fact that human population is likely to increase by c 46% in the next two decades, pressure on agricultural systems and the Cited by 21 Related articles All 4 versions researchgate.netClimate change and variability in Sub-Saharan Africa:
a review of current and future trends and impacts on agriculture and food security
JH Kotir - Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2011 - Springer
Abstract Sub-Saharan Africa has been portrayed as the most vulnerable region to the
impacts of global climate change because of its reliance on agriculture which is highly
sensitive to weather and climate variables such as temperature, precipitation, and light and
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Natural products as sources of herbicides:
current status and future trends
SO Duke, FE Dayan, JG Romagni… - WEED RESEARCH …, 2000 - Wiley Online Library
… Natural products as sources of herbicides: current status and future trends. Authors. Duke,.
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products
Utilisation Research Unit, PO Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA …
Cited by 487 Related articles All 5 versions umt.edu
Riverine flood plains: present state and future trends
K Tockner, JA Stanford - Environmental conservation, 2002 -cambridge.org… Riverine flood plains:
present state and future trends. The future of riverine flood plains
311 Firewood, recession agriculture, fishing, and pastoralism generate US$ 32 per 1000 m3
flood water, compared to US$ 0.15 per 1000 m3 water for irrigation …
Cited by 1239 Related articles All 15 versions hustoj.com
Trends in European cultural landscape development:
perspectives for a sustainable future
W Vos, H Meekes - Landscape and urban planning, 1999 - Elsevier
… The push factors are those connected with trends in agriculture, which may be intensification
or extensification … in old and new markets, resulting in a decline of the more traditional roles of
agriculture as well as … A sound economic base is a prerequisite for any sustainable future …
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Record-setting algal bloom in Lake Erie caused by agricultural and meteorological trends consistent with expected future conditions
AM Michalak, EJ Anderson… - Proceedings of the …, 2013 - National Acad Sciences
… unfortunate combination of circumstances or whether it is a harbinger of future eutrophication
conditions … and Discussion), and because the conversion of CRP land to agriculture would also …
However, trends in the Lake Erie watershed deviate sharply from those national trends …
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Transnational migration studies:Past developments and future trends P Levitt, BN Jaworsky - Annu. Rev. Sociol., 2007 - annualreviews.org Home >; Annual Review of Sociology >; Volume 33, 2007 >; Levitt, pp 129-156. Save. Share. Transnational Migration Studies: Past Developments and Future Trends … Transnational Migration Studies: Past Developments and Future Trends. Annual Review of Sociology. Vol … Cited by 1071 Related articles All 13 versions researchgate.net Nitrogen use in the United States from 1961–2000 and potential future trends RW Howarth, EW Boyer, WJ Pabich… - AMBIO: A Journal of the …, 2002 - BioOne … Bleken, MA 1997. Food consumption and nitrogen losses from agriculture. In … 2001. Future trends in worldwide river nitrogen transport and related nitrous oxide emissions:
a scenario analysis. The Scientific World 1.DOI 10.1100/tsw.2001.279 … Cited by 400 Related articles All 13 versions Inputs to Climatic Change by Soil and Agriculture Related Activities: Present status and possible future trends AF Bouwman, WG Sombroek - Developments in soil science, 1990 - Elsevier Abstract The most important soil borne and land use related greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The present annual increase of atmospheric CO 2 is 0.5%. The total emission of CO 2 is 6.5 to 7.5 Gt C y− 1. Fossil fuel Cited by 33 Related articles All 7 versions wiley.com Global river nutrient export: A scenario analysis of past and future trends SP Seitzinger, E Mayorga, AF Bouwman… - Global …, 2010 - Wiley Online Library … Past trends (1970–2000) and four future scenarios were analyzed. Differences among the scenarios for nutrient management in agriculture were a key factor affecting the magnitude and direction of change of future DIN river export …
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It is proposed that in future there should be a statutory rule on perpetuities that applies only to specified interests which are essentially only those arising under wills and trustsIt was considered a necessity for life, and hence was treated as the foremost among all occupations. The farmers or the Ulavar were placed right at the top of the social classification. As they were the producers of food grains, they lived with self-respect. Agriculture during the early stages of Sangam period was primitive
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The prosperity of a farmer depended on getting the necessary sunlight, seasonal rains and the fertility of the soil. Among these elements of nature, sunlight was considered indispensable by the ancient Tamils, because if rains fail other methods of irrigation could be put to use and if the soil wasn't naturally fertile, artificial manuring would enrich the soil. They differentiated the lands on the basis of fertility and accordingly cultivated the crops that were best suited for the kind of soil. They were Vanpulam (hardland), Menpulam(fertile land), Pinpulam (dry land) and Kalarnilam or Uvarnilam (salty land). Vanpulam in Mullai and Kurinji regions did not yield rich produce, whereas in Menpulam the yield was very good. Dry crops were
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